ADHD and Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

ADHD and AN may seem like contrasting conditions, but they may intersect in complex ways. Research suggests that individuals with ADHD have a higher risk of developing AN.  

Individuals with ADHD may develop AN to: 

• Regain a sense of control over their impulsivity and chaotic environment. 

• Provide a sense of order and predictability through rigid food routines and strict dietary patterns.  

• Enhance their perfectionistic tendencies and hyperfocus by obsessing over weight and food control.  

However, stimulant medications commonly prescribed for ADHD can suppress appetite, potentially contributing to restrictive eating behaviours. It is crucial to approach this intersection with empathy and understanding, recognising the unique struggles faced by those affected. 

ADHD and Bulimia Nervosa (BN)

BN is characterised by cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviours such as purging. For those with ADHD, bulimic behaviours may be exacerbated by: 

• The impulsive characteristics of ADHD can lead to episodes of uncontrolled eating, followed by guilt and the need to purge. 

• ADHD-related emotional dysregulation can exacerbate the cycles of binge eating and purging seen in BN.

• Difficulties with self-regulation and executive functioning in ADHD can disrupt healthy eating patterns, making BN more likely. 

• After a binge, the desire to regain control can prompt purging behaviours. This may include self-induced vomiting, diuretic misuse and excessive exercise.  

Understanding the intersection between ADHD and BN is essential to providing compassionate support and evidence-based interventions. It can help individuals find compassion for their struggles and develop healthy coping mechanisms rather than disordered eating.  

ADHD and Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

BED involves consuming large quantities of food in a short period, often accompanied by feelings of loss of control. People with ADHD are particularly susceptible to BED due to their impulsivity and difficulties with self-regulation.  

Research suggests that BED may be particularly common in those with ADHD due to: 

• The dopamine dysregulation seen in ADHD may drive individuals to seek out the pleasurable, but temporary, comfort that food provides. 

• Binge eating may occur after prolonged periods of restriction. Individuals with ADHD may struggle with executive function deficits, such as poor planning and time management. This may impact someone’s ability to maintain regular eating schedules, contributing to binge eating behaviours. 

• ADHD increases susceptibility to binge eating due to a perceived loss of control and impulsive behaviours. 

ADHD and Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

An obsessive focus on perceived flaws in appearance characterises BDD. These can be particularly distressing for individuals with ADHD due to:  

• The hyperfocus aspect of ADHD can exacerbate the obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours seen in BDD. 

• The low self-esteem and social anxiety often experienced by those with ADHD can intensify body image issues. This can increase their preoccupation with body image and desire to fit in.  

The overlap of these conditions can lead to a heightened risk of developing more severe mental health issues if not properly addressed. Approaching these cases with sensitivity and a comprehensive treatment plan is essential for promoting healing and self-acceptance. 

Why ADHD may be attracted to an eating disorder? 

ADHD and eating disorders can create a tricky situation where each problem makes the other worse. Impulsivity and emotional ups and downs from ADHD can make binge eating or strict dieting seem very appealing. The dopamine rush from these behaviours offers a quick escape from ADHD’s constant boredom, leading to a harmful cycle. It’s crucial to tackle this cycle with empathy and professional help to break the harmful patterns and encourage healthier coping strategies.

Navigating ADHD without disordered eating  

Managing ADHD without resorting to disordered eating behaviours requires a multifaceted approach. This may include:  

• Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) effectively addresses both ADHD and disordered eating by helping individuals develop healthier coping strategies and improving executive functioning skills. 

• Fostering a balanced lifestyle that includes physical activity that supports both your physical and mental health.  

• Structured routines and mindfulness practices can help mitigate the symptoms of ADHD without compromising one’s relationship with food. 

The intersection of ADHD and eating disorders such as AN, BN, and BED highlights the complex and multifaceted challenges faced by individuals navigating these conditions. ADHD’s impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, and executive function deficits can significantly contribute to the development and maintenance of disordered eating behaviours.  

At TBITC, we are experts in supporting individuals with eating disorders who are also neurodivergent. Our extensive experience and dedication to adapting treatment plans to meet the unique needs of each patient set us apart. We recognise that every individual’s journey is different, and we are committed to offering compassionate, evidence-based care tailored to address both ADHD and eating disorder symptoms. 

Visit our Eating Disorder Support page to learn more about our services or contact us directly to start your journey toward recovery.